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The Temple of Human Passions ((フランス語:Pavillon des passions humaines), (オランダ語:Tempel van de menselijke driften)), also known as Pavillon Horta-Lambeaux, is a neoclassical pavilion in the form of a Greek temple that was built by Victor Horta in 1896 in the Cinquantenaire Park of Brussels. Although classical in appearance, the building shows the first steps of the young Victor Horta towards Art Nouveau. It was designed to serve as a permanent showcase for a large marble relief "Human Passions" by Jef Lambeaux. Since its completion the building has remained almost permanently closed. Since 2014, the building is accessible during the summer time. == History == In 1889 Victor Horta was commissioned for 100 000 francs〔 to design a pavilion to house Jef Lambeaux's sculpture ''"The Human Passions"'' on the recommendation of his teacher Alphonse Balat, King Leopold II's favourite architect. The small temple of classic look already announced the Art Nouveau manner associated with the architect. Although loyal to the formal vocabulary of classical architecture, Horta already managed to incorporate all elements of the new style. At first sight, the building looks like a classic temple. However, there is not a single straight line in the building.〔 Every classic detail is revisited and reinterpreted. Horta succeeded in designing an almost "organic" interpretation of the classical temple, without completely abolishing any reference to an historical style. Slightly bent like the foot of a tree, the walls seem to have sprung organically. After World War I Horta would return to this classicism in his designs for the Centre for Fine Arts and the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Tournai. The building, though, has had a turbulent history. The small neo-classical pavilion was originally planned for the 1897 Brussels International Exposition, of which it is one of the few physical remnants. Although completed in time for the fair, the collaboration between the architect and the artist soon led to an irreconcilable disagreement delaying its official opening until 1899. At first, Horta designed the pavilion’s facade to be open, serving as a shelter on rainy days — without the wall and bronze doors behind the colonnade — so that the relief would always be visible for passers-by. But Lambeaux, against the will of Horta, wanted a gallery wall behind the columns. The dispute remain unsolved for years: on the day of the inauguration on 1 October 1899, the unfinished temple stood open with the relief visible from the surrounding park. Under pressure of the public opinion and the authorities Horta had to alter his plans and close the temple with a wooden barricade. It was left unfinished only three days after inauguration. Lambeaux never knew the temple as it currently stands. Shortly after Lambeaux's death, Horta acceded to his wishes by building the wall that would permanently hide the bas-relief with a closed front to enhance the natural light coming through the glass roof. In 1967, the building was given in leasehold for 99 years by King Baudouin I to King Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz of Saudi Arabia, on an official visit to Belgium, together with the East Pavilion of the 1880 National Exhibition that would later become the Great Mosque of Brussels, to house a museum of Islamic art.〔The building belongs legally speaking to the non-profit organization ''Islamic Cultural Centre of Belgium''(), of which the ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Belgium is the chairman.〕〔 The building and the relief were protected by a royal decree on 18 November 1976. Two years later, the donation to King Khaled of Saudi Arabia was made official by the royal decree of 12 September 1979. The government of Saudi Arabia eventually gave its operation back to the Royal Museums of Art and History.〔 The pavilion remained closed to the public except on occasional open days.〔 Since 2002, the temple is open one hour per day, except on Mondays.〔 In recent years this was not due to the prudishness of the public, but out of fear for vandalism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Temple of Human Passions」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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